THE PROS AND CONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN SPECIALTY LANGUAGE TEACHING / LEARNING

Abstract

This theoretical literature review critically examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in English as a specialty language (ESL) teaching / learning, considering both its potential benefits and limitations. Grounded in specialty language acquisition theories and educational psychology, the article synthesizes findings from 2022–2025 to assess AI-driven tools in gaining smoother writing and speaking skills. The methodology is a conceptual analysis of ten recent studies rather than new empirical research. Key findings indicate that AI can enhance ESL writing through immediate, tailored feedback and improve speaking proficiency via low-anxiety conversational practice. The analysis also shows that AI integration can boost learner’s motivation and positive effect (e.g., reduced anxiety and increased confidence), creating a supportive emotional climate for language learning. Additionally, the article discusses the evolving role of teachers: educators become facilitators who integrate AI into education, ensuring technological augments rather than replacing human instructions. The review concludes that while AI offers significant benefits for ESL, effective implementation requires a guided human–AI collaboration.