Application of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) for the Inspection of Offshore Wind Farms and Underwater Infrastructure: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

This article analyses the demand for and applicability of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) in the maintenance of planned offshore wind farm infrastructure within the Lithuanian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). It presents a comparative assessment of diver- and ROV-based underwater operations, reviews ROV classification under international standards, and evaluates the impact of Lithuania’s marine environmental conditions and offshore infrastructure specifics. The study highlights the relevance of ROV integration for academic institutions, offshore energy stakeholders, and maritime regulators. Effective integration requires a comprehensive approach, including training of operators, service professionals, and the establishment of reliable spare parts supply chains.